Here, we aimed to investigate how viruses influence microbial ecology and carbon metabolism in peatland soils along a permafrost thaw gradient in Sweden. The role of viruses, which are known to affect microbial dynamics, metabolism and biogeochemistry in the oceans, remains largely unexplored in soil. « lessĬlimate change threatens to release abundant carbon that is sequestered at high latitudes, but the constraints on microbial metabolisms that mediate the release of methane and carbon dioxide are poorly understood. Our findings link changing biogeochemistry to specific microbial lineages involved in each stage of carbon processing, providing key information for predicting the impact of climate change on these systems. Combined analysis of the microbial communities and geochemical data highlighted lineages correlated with the production of greenhouse gases and suggest novel syntrophic relationships. Metabolic reconstruction, supported by metatranscriptomic and metaproteomic data, revealed key populations involved in organic matter degradation, including bacteria encoding a pathway for xylose degradation only previously identified in fungi. These genomes were shown to broadly reflect the diversity of this complex ecosystem with genus-level representatives recovered for >60% of the community, constituting a two more » orders of magnitude increase in the number of genomes available for understanding carbon processing in this environment. Here, metagenomic sequencing of 214 samples from intact, thawing and thawed sites collected over three years enabled the recovery of 1,529 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), including many from phyla with poor genomic representation. However, accurate prediction of carbon gas emissions produced from thawing permafrost is limited by our understanding of the resident microbial communities and their associated carbon metabolism. Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences OSTI Identifier: 1481643 Grant/Contract Number: SC0010580 SC0016440 Resource Type: Journal Article: Accepted Manuscript Journal Name: Nature (London) Additional Journal Information: Journal Volume: 560 Journal Issue: 7716 Related Information: Raw metagenome and metatranscriptomes from the study: Journal ID: ISSN 0028-0836 Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: United States Language: English Subject: 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 58 GEOSCIENCES 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Permafrost Metagenomics Metatranscriptomics Metaproteomics Biogeochemistry Bacteria = ,Īs global temperatures rise, large amounts of carbon sequestered in permafrost are becoming available for microbial degradation. of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD (Australia). of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States) The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States) Sponsoring Org.: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Contributing Org.: Univ. Publication Date: Mon Jul 16 00:00: Research Org.: Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States) Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL (United States).Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY (United States).The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States).The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States) Univ.Lastly, our findings link changing biogeochemistry to specific microbial lineages involved in carbon processing, and provide key information for predicting the effects of climate change on permafrost systems. Microbial and geochemical data highlight lineages that correlate with the production of greenhouse gases and indicate novel syntrophic relationships. Meta-omic analysis revealed key populations involved in the degradation of organic matter, including bacteria whose genomes encode a previously undescribed fungal pathway for xylose degradation. These genomes reflect the diversity of this complex ecosystem, with genus-level representatives for more than sixty per cent of the community. Here we use metagenomic sequencing of 214 samples from a permafrost thaw gradient to recover 1,529 metagenome-assembled genomes, including many from phyla with poor genomic representation. Accurate prediction of carbon gas emissions from thawing permafrost is limited by our understanding of these microbial communities. As global temperatures rise, large amounts of carbon sequestered in permafrost are becoming available for microbial degradation.
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